California Firearms Law Q&A
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Showing 207 of 207 questions
Do I need a permit to carry a concealed firearm in California?
California requires a Carry Concealed Weapon (CCW) license to legally carry a concealed firearm in public. Applications are made through the county sheriff or local police chief. After the 2022 Bruen decision, California is shall-issue, meaning the issuing authority must grant the permit if all legal requirements are met.
PC 26150-26225Is California a shall-issue state for CCW permits?
Following the Supreme Court's ruling in NYSRPA v. Bruen (2022), California transitioned from may-issue to shall-issue. If an applicant meets all statutory requirements (age, training, background check, good moral character), the issuing authority must grant the CCW license. However, California's definition of good moral character and sensitive places restrictions remain subject to ongoing litigation.
PC 26150What is the minimum age to apply for a CCW permit in California?
You must be at least 21 years old to obtain a CCW license in California. However, the statute allows an exception for persons 18-20 who are active-duty military or who have been honorably discharged. Standard civilian applicants must be 21 or older.
PC 26150Is firearms training required for a California CCW permit?
California requires completion of a 16-hour firearms training course for new CCW applicants, including live-fire qualification. Renewal applicants must complete an 8-hour course. The course must be taught by a DOJ-certified instructor and cover firearm safety, California firearms laws, and shooting proficiency.
PC 26165How long does it take to get a CCW permit in California?
By law, the issuing authority must make a decision within 90 days of the initial application or 30 days after receiving the background check results, whichever is later. In practice, many counties take 120-180 days, and some urban counties like Los Angeles can take 6-12 months due to high application volume.
PC 26205Is a California CCW permit valid throughout the entire state?
A CCW license issued by any California county or city is valid statewide. You are not limited to carrying only in the county where your permit was issued. However, you must still comply with all state and federal restricted location laws regardless of which county you are in.
PC 26150Does California honor concealed carry permits from other states?
California does not recognize or honor CCW permits from any other state. If you hold an out-of-state permit, you cannot legally carry concealed in California. You must obtain a California-issued CCW license. As of 2025, out-of-state residents may apply for a California CCW through the sheriff of any county.
PC 26150Do I need a Firearm Safety Certificate to buy a gun in California?
A Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC) is required to purchase or acquire any firearm in California. You must pass a 30-question written test administered by a DOJ-certified instructor at a licensed dealer. The FSC is valid for 5 years and costs $25. Active and honorably retired law enforcement are exempt.
PC 31615-31670Are there exemptions to the Firearm Safety Certificate requirement?
Several exemptions exist: active or honorably retired law enforcement, active military, holders of a valid CCW license, licensed hunters, special weapons permit holders, and certain curio/relic collectors. A valid Handgun Safety Certificate (HSC) from the prior program also remains valid until its expiration date.
PC 31700What is a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) and who needs one?
A Certificate of Eligibility (COE) verifies that a person is not prohibited from possessing firearms. It is required for Federal Firearms Licensees (FFLs), their employees, ammunition vendors, and certain security professionals. Private individuals do not need a COE to purchase firearms but may obtain one for expedited ammunition background checks.
PC 26710What types of Federal Firearms Licenses are available in California?
Federal Firearms Licenses are issued by the ATF and include Type 01 (dealer), Type 02 (pawnbroker), Type 06 (ammunition manufacturer), Type 07 (manufacturer), and Type 08 (importer). California imposes additional state requirements on top of federal licensing, including a state dealer license, COE, and compliance with local zoning ordinances.
PC 26700-26725Does California have a list of sensitive places where CCW holders cannot carry?
SB 2 (effective January 1, 2024) established an extensive list of sensitive places where even CCW holders cannot carry, including government buildings, schools, places of worship, parks, public transit, bars, casinos, stadiums, and medical facilities. However, multiple federal courts have issued injunctions against portions of this law, and the list remains subject to active litigation.
PC 26230Can I carry with a CCW permit on private property that is open to the public?
Under SB 2, the default rule for private property open to the public was that concealed carry is prohibited unless the property owner posts signage expressly allowing it. However, federal court injunctions have blocked this provision. Under the injunction, CCW holders may carry on private property unless the property owner expressly prohibits it. Check current injunction status.
PC 26230How often do I need to renew my California CCW permit?
A California CCW license is valid for a period of not more than 2 years from the date of issuance. You must apply for renewal before expiration. Renewal requires an 8-hour refresher training course, an updated background check, and payment of renewal fees (capped at $25 processing fee by statute, though additional training costs apply).
PC 26220What does 'good moral character' mean for CCW applications in California?
Post-Bruen, California still requires applicants to demonstrate good moral character. Under AB 1078 (effective 2026), this includes an expanded background investigation reviewing criminal history, publicly available information, character references, and in-person interviews. Disqualifiers include convictions under federal or out-of-state law and being an unlawful user of controlled substances.
PC 26150How much does a California CCW permit cost?
The issuing authority may charge a fee equal to the reasonable processing costs. Actual total costs vary dramatically by county, typically ranging from $200 to $600 for the application and processing fees alone. When you add the mandatory 16-hour training course ($200-$1,200), livescan fingerprinting, and DOJ fees, total costs commonly reach $470-$950.
PC 26190Can out-of-state residents apply for a California CCW permit?
As of 2025, California allows non-residents to apply for a CCW license. The applicant may apply through any county sheriff in the state. The same requirements apply: 16-hour training, background check, good moral character review, and payment of fees. This change was driven by federal court rulings requiring equal access.
PC 26150Can a CCW holder carry more than one firearm?
Your CCW license lists specific firearms you are authorized to carry concealed. Most issuing authorities allow 3-5 firearms to be listed on the permit. You may only carry firearms that appear on your license. To add or change firearms, you must contact your issuing authority and update the permit.
PC 26175Can a California CCW permit be revoked?
A CCW license may be revoked if the holder is found to no longer meet eligibility requirements, commits certain crimes, becomes a prohibited person, violates the terms of the license, or demonstrates conduct that shows unfitness. The issuing authority must provide written notice of revocation and the reasons.
PC 26195Is there a special permit for firearms use in film and entertainment?
The California DOJ issues Entertainment Firearms Permits (EFP) that allow licensed prop houses to provide firearms for use in film, television, and theatrical productions. These permits authorize possession and use of certain firearms (including otherwise restricted types) on approved sets and locations. Strict chain-of-custody and safety protocols apply.
PC 29500Can I get a permit to openly carry a firearm in California?
California does not issue permits for open carry. Open carry of handguns (loaded or unloaded) is prohibited in incorporated areas and public places. Open carry of long guns (unloaded) was banned in 2012. The only exception is while actively engaged in lawful hunting or at a target range.
PC 25850, PC 26350Is there a permit available for possessing short-barreled rifles or shotguns?
The California DOJ issues Dangerous Weapons Permits for possession of short-barreled rifles (under 16 inches), short-barreled shotguns (under 18 inches), and certain other destructive devices. These permits are typically issued to law enforcement, military, and entertainment industry applicants. Private individuals face very strict criteria.
PC 33300, PC 17170Does California require a psychological evaluation for CCW applicants?
California law allows but does not mandate a psychological evaluation for CCW applicants. Some counties, particularly urban ones like Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Santa Clara, require it as part of their application process. Rural counties generally do not. The evaluation is at the applicant's expense when required.
PC 26190Are CCW holders restricted in what type of ammunition they can carry?
While CCW holders can carry standard ammunition, certain types are prohibited for all persons in California. Armor-piercing handgun ammunition, flechette dart ammunition, and explosive bullets are illegal to manufacture, import, sell, or possess. Standard hollow-point and jacketed hollow-point ammunition is legal to carry.
PC 30310, PC 30315Must a CCW holder inform police they are carrying during a traffic stop?
California law does not impose a duty to inform on CCW holders. You are not legally required to volunteer that you are carrying a concealed firearm during a traffic stop or other encounter with law enforcement. However, if asked directly by an officer, you must truthfully respond and comply with lawful orders.
PC 26150Is open carry of a handgun legal in California?
Open carry of both loaded and unloaded handguns is prohibited in all public places in California, including incorporated and unincorporated areas. The loaded open carry ban dates to 1967, and unloaded open carry was banned in 2012. Exceptions exist for hunting, target shooting, and on your own private property.
PC 25850, PC 26350Can I openly carry a long gun (rifle or shotgun) in California?
Open carry of unloaded long guns in incorporated areas was banned effective January 1, 2013. Open carry of loaded long guns in public has been prohibited since 1967 (with hunting exceptions). You may carry unloaded long guns in unincorporated areas where not otherwise restricted, such as while hunting with a valid license.
PC 26400, PC 25850Can I carry a loaded firearm in my vehicle in California?
Without a CCW permit, you may not carry a loaded firearm in a vehicle on a public street or highway. The firearm must be unloaded and stored in a locked container (not the glove compartment or utility compartment). CCW holders may carry loaded concealed in their vehicle. An exception exists for loaded long guns while actively hunting.
PC 25400, PC 25610Can I have an unloaded firearm in my vehicle without a permit?
You may have an unloaded firearm in your vehicle if it is stored in a locked container separate from ammunition. The locked container must be fully enclosed and locked by a padlock, key lock, combination lock, or similar device. The trunk of a car qualifies as a locked container but a glove compartment or center console does not.
PC 25610, PC 16850Can I carry a firearm near a school in California?
It is a felony to bring or possess a firearm within 1,000 feet of a K-12 school (Gun-Free School Zone Act). This applies to loaded and unloaded firearms. Exceptions include CCW permit holders, law enforcement, approved school programs, and unloaded firearms in locked containers while passing through. Violations carry 2-7 years in prison.
PC 626.9Can I carry a firearm in a federal building in California?
Carrying a firearm in any federal facility is prohibited by federal law, regardless of state CCW permits. This includes courthouses, post offices, Social Security offices, VA facilities, and federal government offices. Violations are punishable by up to one year in prison. This is a federal prohibition that overrides state carry permits.
18 USC 930Can I carry a concealed firearm in a bar or restaurant that serves alcohol?
SB 2 (2024) attempted to ban CCW carry in establishments that primarily serve alcohol. Federal court injunctions have blocked portions of the sensitive places provisions. Under current injunctions, CCW holders may carry in restaurants that serve alcohol. The legal landscape is evolving, so check the latest court rulings. It remains illegal to carry while intoxicated.
PC 26230, PC 25600Can I bring a firearm to my workplace in California?
Private employers may set their own policies regarding firearms on company premises. Even with a valid CCW, your employer can prohibit firearms in the workplace. Government buildings are restricted by law. If your employer allows it and you have a valid CCW (or keep the firearm locked in your vehicle per PC 25612), you may be able to have one at work.
PC 25612Can I carry a firearm on public transportation in California?
SB 2 listed public transit as a sensitive place where CCW carry is banned. Federal court injunctions have challenged portions of this restriction. Under current injunctions, CCW holders may carry on public transit systems. However, individual transit agencies may have their own rules. Always check the latest injunction status and local transit policies.
PC 26230Can I carry a firearm in a California state park?
Loaded firearms are generally prohibited in state parks. Under SB 2, parks were listed as sensitive places where CCW carry is banned. Federal injunctions have partially blocked these provisions. Under current injunctions, CCW holders may carry in many outdoor areas. Without a CCW, firearms must be unloaded and stored in a locked container. Check current park regulations.
PC 26230, 14 CCR 4313Can I carry a firearm in a national forest in California?
Federal law generally allows the carry of firearms in national forests, consistent with state law. With a valid California CCW permit, you may carry concealed in national forests. Without a CCW, you may possess an unloaded firearm for lawful purposes like hunting (with appropriate licenses). Some specific areas within national forests may have additional restrictions.
36 CFR 261.10Can I carry a firearm in a hospital or medical facility in California?
SB 2 designated medical facilities as sensitive places barring CCW carry. Federal injunctions have partially blocked these provisions. Most hospitals also prohibit firearms as a matter of private policy. State and county hospitals are government facilities and prohibit firearms. Check current injunction status and the specific facility's policy.
PC 26230Can I carry a firearm in a church or place of worship in California?
SB 2 designated places of worship as sensitive places where CCW carry is banned. Federal court injunctions have blocked this specific provision. Under current injunctions, CCW holders may carry in places of worship unless the property owner prohibits it. Individual congregations may set their own policies.
PC 26230Can I bring a firearm to an airport in California?
Firearms are prohibited past TSA security checkpoints in all airports (federal law). However, you may transport unloaded firearms in locked hard-sided containers as checked baggage. In the non-secured areas of California airports, state law applies. It is illegal to bring a loaded firearm into any airport terminal. Violations are serious felonies.
PC 171.5, 49 USC 46505What is the penalty for carrying a concealed firearm without a permit in California?
Carrying a concealed firearm without a license is a wobbler offense, chargeable as a misdemeanor or felony. A misdemeanor conviction carries up to 1 year in county jail and/or a $1,000 fine. If the person has prior felonies, the firearm is stolen, or the person is an active gang member, it is charged as a felony with 16 months to 3 years in prison.
PC 25400Can I carry a loaded firearm inside my own home?
You may possess a loaded firearm in your own home, place of business, or on private property you own without a CCW permit, provided you are not a prohibited person. This right is protected under the Second Amendment. However, as of January 1, 2026, SB 53 requires that firearms not under your immediate control must be stored in a DOJ-approved locked container.
PC 25605Can I carry a firearm while camping in California?
At a campsite you have lawfully occupied, you may possess a loaded firearm for self-defense (similar to your temporary home). On BLM and national forest land, firearms are generally allowed consistent with state law. State park campgrounds have additional restrictions. CCW holders have broader carry rights. Always check specific area regulations before camping with a firearm.
PC 25605, 14 CCR 4313Can I carry a loaded firearm while hunting or fishing in California?
You may carry a loaded firearm while actively engaged in lawful hunting with a valid hunting license in an area where hunting is permitted. Anglers may carry a loaded firearm for protection against wildlife while fishing in remote areas. The firearm must be appropriate for the activity and you must comply with Fish and Game regulations regarding caliber and type.
PC 25640, FGC 4004Can I carry a firearm at a public protest or demonstration?
It is illegal to bring a loaded firearm to any public demonstration, protest, rally, or picket line in California. This prohibition applies even to CCW holders. The ban covers the demonstration area and any adjacent public areas. Violations can result in misdemeanor charges with up to 1 year in jail.
PC 25850, PC 171bCan I carry a firearm in a casino in California?
Tribal casinos are sovereign land and set their own firearms policies, which almost universally prohibit firearms. SB 2 designated gaming establishments as sensitive places. Federal injunctions have partially blocked these provisions. For card rooms and state-regulated gaming, check current injunction status and the establishment's posted policy.
PC 26230Can I carry a firearm at a stadium or sporting event?
Stadiums and sporting venues are prohibited locations for firearms in California. SB 2 codified this as a sensitive place, and this particular provision has not been enjoined. Virtually all stadium operators also prohibit firearms as a condition of entry. Bringing a firearm to a stadium event can result in criminal charges.
PC 26230, PC 171dCan I carry a firearm in a public library or museum?
SB 2 designated libraries and museums as sensitive places. Federal court injunctions have partially blocked sensitive place restrictions. Under current injunctions, CCW holders may carry in many public spaces. However, government-owned buildings (like many public libraries) may independently restrict firearms. Check current injunction status and posted policies.
PC 26230Can I carry a firearm at a public playground or children's area?
SB 2 designated playgrounds, children's areas, and youth centers as sensitive places where firearms are prohibited. Courts have issued mixed rulings on park and playground restrictions. Some provisions remain enjoined. The law continues to evolve. Without a CCW, firearms must always be unloaded and in a locked container in public areas.
PC 26230What is the penalty for carrying a loaded firearm in public without a permit?
Carrying a loaded firearm on your person or in a vehicle in a public place or on any public street is a misdemeanor punishable by up to 1 year in jail and a $1,000 fine. It becomes a felony if the person is not the registered owner, has a prior conviction, is in a prohibited class, or is in a school zone or government building.
PC 25850Does California require firearms to be locked up at home?
Effective January 1, 2026, SB 53 requires all firearms in a residence to be stored in a DOJ-approved locked container or gun safe whenever the firearm is not being carried on the person or in the immediate control of the owner. This applies to all gun owners, even those living alone with no children. Previous law only required safe storage around minors.
PC 25100, SB 53What is the penalty for violating California's safe storage law?
Under SB 53, a first or second violation of the safe storage requirement is an infraction. A third or subsequent violation is a misdemeanor. If a minor gains access to an improperly stored firearm and causes injury or death, the penalties are more severe: up to 1 year in jail for injury and up to 3 years for death under the child access prevention statute.
PC 25100, SB 53What qualifies as an approved firearm safety device for storage?
A firearm must be stored within a DOJ-approved firearm safety device or gun safe. Approved devices are listed on the DOJ's roster and include trigger locks, cable locks, lock boxes, and gun safes that meet DOJ specifications. The device must be tested and certified by a DOJ-approved laboratory. A free cable lock is provided with each firearm purchase.
PC 23635, PC 23650Are there special storage rules when children are present?
California's child access prevention law makes it a crime to store a firearm where a reasonable person would know a child (under 18) could gain access. If a child obtains the firearm and causes injury or death, the gun owner faces criminal negligent storage charges. This is in addition to the broader SB 53 safe storage requirements effective 2026.
PC 25100-25140How must I store a firearm in my vehicle?
Firearms in a vehicle must be unloaded and stored in a locked container (unless you hold a valid CCW). The locked container must be fully enclosed and secured by a padlock, key lock, combination lock, or similar device. A car trunk qualifies. The glove compartment and center console do NOT qualify as locked containers even if they lock.
PC 25610, PC 16850Am I liable if a firearm is stolen from my vehicle?
If a firearm is stolen from your vehicle, you must report the theft to law enforcement within 5 days of discovering the loss. If you failed to store the firearm properly (not in a locked container), you could face criminal charges. California law increasingly holds gun owners responsible for preventing unauthorized access to their firearms through proper storage.
PC 25250, PC 25610Do I have to report a stolen firearm in California?
You must report the theft or loss of a firearm to local law enforcement within 5 days of the time you knew or reasonably should have known of the loss or theft. Failure to report is an infraction for the first offense and a misdemeanor for subsequent offenses. The report should include the make, model, serial number, and caliber.
PC 25250Are antique firearms exempt from California's safe storage requirements?
Under SB 53, unloaded antique firearms and firearms that are permanently inoperable are exempt from the safe storage requirements. An antique firearm is defined as one manufactured before 1899 or a replica that does not use fixed ammunition. However, if the antique firearm is loaded, standard storage rules apply.
SB 53, PC 16170Can I keep a firearm readily accessible for home defense under SB 53?
SB 53 allows you to keep a firearm that is being carried on your person or is within your immediate control. This means you can have a loaded firearm readily accessible while you are present and awake. The storage requirement applies when you are asleep, away from the home, or the firearm is otherwise not under your direct control.
SB 53, PC 25100Are there specific standards California requires for gun safes?
California requires gun safes to meet DOJ testing and certification standards. Residential-duty safes must meet standards set forth in PC 23650. The DOJ maintains a list of approved firearm safety devices. Safes must be fire-rated and resist tampering. Dealers must provide a DOJ-approved safety device with every firearm sale.
PC 23650, PC 23655Do I get a free lock when I purchase a firearm in California?
California requires licensed dealers to include a DOJ-approved firearm safety device with every firearm sold or transferred. Most dealers provide a cable lock at no additional cost. These cable locks are on the DOJ approved list and meet minimum safety standards. Additional higher-security devices may be purchased separately.
PC 23635Must ammunition be stored separately from firearms?
California law does not require ammunition to be stored separately from firearms in your home. However, when transporting firearms in a vehicle (without a CCW), the firearm must be unloaded and in a locked container. Storing ammunition and firearms separately is a recommended safety practice but is not a legal requirement for home storage.
PC 25610Can my roommate access my firearms if they are not a prohibited person?
Under SB 53, a firearm may be under the control of another lawful authorized user. If your roommate is not a prohibited person, they may handle your firearm under your supervision. However, leaving firearms accessible to another person without your presence may violate safe storage requirements. A transfer or loan has separate legal requirements.
SB 53, PC 27545Can I display firearms in a glass case or on a wall rack at home?
Under SB 53 (effective January 1, 2026), all firearms in a residence must be secured in a DOJ-approved locked container or gun safe when not under the owner's immediate control. Displaying firearms in an unlocked glass case or on a wall rack would violate the safe storage requirement. Locked display cases that meet DOJ standards may qualify.
SB 53Do I have to disclose firearms ownership to my insurance company?
Effective 2026, AB 3067 requires homeowners' and renters' insurance companies to ask applicants about firearms in the home on their applications and renewal forms. You must disclose firearms ownership when asked. Failure to disclose could affect your coverage. This is a disclosure requirement, not a prohibition on ownership.
AB 3067Is there a waiting period to buy a firearm in California?
California imposes a mandatory 10-day waiting period on all firearm purchases. No firearm may be delivered to the buyer until 10 days after the application to purchase is submitted to the DOJ. There are no exceptions for CCW holders, law enforcement, or prior gun owners. The waiting period applies to all sales including private party transfers.
PC 26815, PC 27540Is a background check required for every firearm purchase in California?
Every firearm transfer in California requires a background check through the Dealer Record of Sale (DROS) process. The DOJ conducts the background check, which queries state and federal databases. The DROS fee is $37.19. This applies to dealer sales, private party transfers, gun show sales, and online purchases.
PC 27540, PC 28100How old do I need to be to buy a handgun in California?
You must be 21 years old to purchase a handgun in California. This applies to purchases from licensed dealers and private party transfers. Active-duty military or law enforcement under 21 may have certain exemptions. There is no exception for 18-20 year olds purchasing handguns from any source in California.
PC 27505How old do I need to be to buy a rifle or shotgun in California?
As of January 1, 2019, you must be 21 years old to purchase a semiautomatic centerfire rifle. For other long guns (bolt-action, lever-action, shotguns), the minimum age is 18. Active-duty military under 21 are exempt from the semiautomatic restriction. A valid FSC or hunting license is required regardless of age.
PC 27505, PC 27510What is California's handgun roster and how does it affect purchases?
California maintains a roster of handguns certified for sale by the DOJ. Only handguns on the roster may be sold by licensed dealers to the general public. The roster requires microstamping and other features, which has caused it to shrink over time. Off-roster handguns may only be acquired through private party transfer, intrafamilial transfer, or law enforcement exemptions.
PC 32000, PC 32015Can I legally obtain an off-roster handgun in California?
Off-roster handguns may be acquired through several legal pathways: private party transfers from someone who already owns one in California, intrafamilial transfers (parent-child, grandparent-grandchild, between spouses), inheritance, or purchase by exempt persons (law enforcement). Single-shot exemption was closed in 2015. All transfers still require a background check through an FFL.
PC 32110, PC 27870Can I buy a gun from a private individual in California?
Private party transfers are legal but must be conducted through a licensed dealer (FFL). Both parties go to the dealer, the buyer completes a DROS, pays the $37.19 fee, and undergoes a background check. The 10-day waiting period applies. Direct person-to-person sales without going through an FFL are illegal in California.
PC 27545, PC 27500Can I buy a firearm at a gun show in California?
Firearms may be purchased at gun shows, but all California laws still apply. Every sale must go through a licensed dealer, include a DROS background check, and observe the 10-day waiting period. The firearm is not delivered at the show; you pick it up from the dealer after the waiting period. Gun shows must comply with additional event-specific regulations.
PC 27200-27245Can I buy a firearm online and have it shipped to California?
You may purchase a firearm online but it must be shipped to a California licensed dealer (FFL). The FFL will conduct the DROS background check, collect the waiting period, verify the firearm is California-legal (on roster for handguns, compliant features for rifles), and ensure all state requirements are met before transfer. You cannot receive a firearm directly by mail.
PC 27585, PC 26500Is there a limit on how many firearms I can buy per month?
Effective April 1, 2026, AB 1078 limits firearm purchases to 3 within any 30-day period, covering all firearm types. Previously, the one-per-30-day limit applied only to handguns. The DOJ will reject a DROS application if it would result in more than 3 firearms purchased cumulatively within the preceding 30 days. Exemptions exist for law enforcement and licensed dealers.
PC 27535, AB 1078Can a family member gift me a firearm in California?
Intrafamilial transfers between parents, children, grandparents, and grandchildren are exempt from the dealer requirement and handgun roster. Both parties must file an Intrafamilial Firearm Transaction Report with the DOJ within 30 days. The recipient must not be a prohibited person and must have a valid FSC. Transfers between siblings or other relatives must go through an FFL.
PC 27870-27880Can I inherit a firearm in California?
You may inherit firearms through a will or intestate succession. The recipient must not be a prohibited person and must file a Report of Operation of Law or Intra-Familial Firearm Transaction with the DOJ within 30 days of taking possession. Inherited handguns are exempt from the handgun roster requirement. An FSC is not required for inheritance.
PC 27920What is the DROS process for buying a firearm?
The Dealer Record of Sale (DROS) is California's firearm transaction process. The buyer provides valid ID, proof of residency (for long guns: any valid ID; for handguns: CA ID plus proof of address), FSC, and completes the paperwork. The dealer submits the DROS electronically to the DOJ. After the background check and 10-day wait, the buyer takes a safe handling demonstration and picks up the firearm.
PC 28100-28250Do I need to demonstrate safe handling when picking up a firearm?
Before a dealer delivers a handgun, the buyer must perform a safe handling demonstration with the specific firearm being purchased. This includes loading, unloading, applying the safety, and demonstrating safe handling. The demonstration must be witnessed by a DOJ-certified instructor. Long gun purchases also require a demonstration as of recent law changes.
PC 26850-26860What identification do I need to buy a firearm in California?
For handguns, you need a valid California driver's license or ID card plus a second proof of residency (utility bill, property deed, vehicle registration, etc.). For long guns, a valid California ID is sufficient. If your ID has 'FEDERAL LIMITS APPLY,' you must also present proof of lawful presence in the US. Military members may use military ID with orders showing CA station.
PC 26840, PC 27540Can I buy firearm parts online in California?
As of 2026, precursor parts (frames, receivers, barrels) cannot be sold directly to consumers online. These parts must be purchased through a licensed dealer (FFL) with a background check, similar to complete firearms. Other non-regulated parts (grips, stocks, springs, sights) can still be purchased online and shipped directly to you.
PC 30400-30470Can I build my own firearm in California?
California requires all firearms to have a serial number. If you manufacture or assemble a firearm, you must first apply to the DOJ for a unique serial number, wait for approval, and engrave the number before assembling. Unserialized firearms (ghost guns) are illegal to possess. You must also comply with all California firearms laws regarding features, configuration, and materials.
PC 29180Do I need to register my firearms when I move to California?
New residents must register all firearms with the DOJ within 60 days of bringing them into the state by filing a New Resident Report of Firearm Ownership. The report costs $19 per firearm. Firearms must comply with California law (roster requirements do not apply to personally owned firearms brought in). Assault weapons and magazines over 10 rounds must not be imported.
PC 27560Can I buy curio and relic firearms with fewer restrictions?
Holders of a federal Curio and Relic (C&R) license (Type 03 FFL) may acquire C&R firearms from out-of-state sources. However, California still requires all acquisitions to be reported to the DOJ and comply with state laws. The handgun roster exemption applies only to antique firearms (pre-1899). A C&R license does not exempt you from California's assault weapons ban or magazine restrictions.
PC 27565, 27 CFR 478.41Can a non-California resident buy a firearm in California?
Non-residents may purchase long guns (rifles and shotguns) from a California FFL, subject to all California and the buyer's home state laws. Non-residents cannot purchase handguns in California; the handgun must be transferred to an FFL in their home state. All California purchase requirements (DROS, waiting period, background check, compliant features) still apply to long gun sales.
PC 27510, 18 USC 922(b)(3)Can I buy more than one handgun at a time?
Prior to April 1, 2026, the one-handgun-per-30-days limit applies (with private party transfer exceptions). After April 1, 2026, AB 1078 raises the limit to 3 firearms of any type per 30 days. You can start multiple DROS transactions simultaneously, but the DOJ will block delivery if it exceeds the cumulative limit within the 30-day period.
PC 27535, AB 1078Can I temporarily loan a firearm to someone in California?
You may loan a firearm to another person for up to 30 days if: the person is not prohibited, the loan is infrequent, and the firearm is for lawful purposes. Loans for hunting require the borrower to have a valid hunting license. Loans between spouses or registered domestic partners are unrestricted. Any loan exceeding 30 days must go through an FFL as a transfer.
PC 27880, PC 27545Can I buy a used firearm from a pawn shop in California?
Pawn shops with a Type 02 FFL may sell used firearms. All standard California purchase requirements apply: DROS, background check, 10-day waiting period, FSC, safe handling demonstration, and handgun roster compliance for handguns. Pawn shops must hold firearms for a minimum period before resale and comply with secondhand dealer record-keeping requirements.
PC 26500, PC 26700How must I transport a firearm in California?
Firearms must be transported unloaded and in a locked container. The locked container must be fully enclosed and secured by a padlock, key lock, combination lock, or similar device. The trunk of a vehicle qualifies. The glove compartment and utility/center console do not qualify, even if they lock. Ammunition should be stored separately during transport.
PC 25610, PC 16850Can I transport a firearm in my car's trunk?
The trunk of a vehicle is legally considered a locked container for transporting firearms. The firearm must be unloaded when placed in the trunk. If your vehicle does not have a separate trunk (SUV, hatchback, minivan), you must use a separate locked container such as a hard-sided gun case with a lock.
PC 25610, PC 16850Can I transport a firearm between my home and a shooting range?
You may transport an unloaded firearm in a locked container directly between your home and a target range. The transport must be reasonably direct. You should not make unnecessary stops. The same rules apply for transport between your home and a licensed dealer, gunsmith, hunting area, or any other lawful destination.
PC 25610, PC 25640Can I transport firearms through California from another state?
Federal law (FOPA, 18 USC 926A) protects travelers transporting firearms through a state where they could not otherwise possess them, provided the firearms are unloaded and not readily accessible, and are legal in both the origin and destination states. However, California has been known to challenge this protection. Keep firearms locked in the trunk with ammunition stored separately.
18 USC 926A, PC 25610How do I legally transport a firearm on a motorcycle?
On a motorcycle, a firearm must be unloaded and in a locked container. Since motorcycles lack trunks, you must use a locked hard-sided case secured to the motorcycle (saddlebag, top case, or locked container strapped to the bike). A soft case with a padlock qualifies as a locked container. The container must be fully enclosed and locked.
PC 25610, PC 16850Can I bring my firearms when I move to California?
You may bring personally owned firearms when relocating to California, but they must comply with state law. Assault weapons, .50 BMG rifles, and magazines over 10 rounds cannot be imported. You must register all firearms with the DOJ within 60 days by filing a New Resident Report ($19 per firearm). Off-roster handguns may be brought in for personal use.
PC 27560, PC 30600Can I fly with a firearm from a California airport?
You may fly with firearms as checked baggage. The firearm must be unloaded, in a locked hard-sided container, and declared at check-in. TSA requires the container to be locked and only the passenger may have the key/combination. Ammunition must be in its original packaging or a container designed for ammunition. Check your airline's specific policy for additional requirements.
49 CFR 1540.111, PC 171.5Does a soft pistol case with a padlock qualify as a locked container?
A locked container is defined as a fully enclosed container locked by a padlock, key lock, combination lock, or similar locking device. A soft-sided pistol case with a padlock meets this definition. However, a hard-sided case provides better security and is recommended. The key distinction is that it must be fully enclosed and locked, not merely zippered.
PC 16850Can I transport ammunition in the same locked container as my firearm?
California law does not prohibit transporting ammunition in the same locked container as an unloaded firearm. The firearm must be unloaded and in a locked container; the ammunition can be in the same container. However, for safety and to avoid any question about whether the firearm is loaded, many experts recommend separating ammunition during transport.
PC 25610Can I transport a firearm with a loaded magazine that is detached?
A firearm is considered loaded when a round is in the firing chamber or when a loaded magazine is inserted in the firearm. A detached loaded magazine next to an unloaded firearm in a locked container is technically legal since the firearm itself is unloaded. However, to avoid any ambiguity, it is advisable to keep loaded magazines separate from the firearm during transport.
PC 16840, PC 25610Can I have a firearm on my boat in California?
On a vessel (boat), the same rules generally apply as for vehicles. Without a CCW, firearms must be unloaded and in a locked container. With a valid CCW, you may carry concealed on your vessel. In navigable waters under Coast Guard jurisdiction, federal law may also apply. Fishing with a firearm for protection is generally permitted in remote areas.
PC 25610, PC 25400Can I transport firearms between two homes I own?
You may transport firearms between residences you own, following standard transport rules: unloaded, in a locked container. The trip should be reasonably direct. If you split time between two residences, firearms at each location must comply with SB 53 safe storage requirements. You do not need to re-register firearms when moving between your own California residences.
PC 25610What is classified as an assault weapon in California?
California defines assault weapons in three categories: firearms specifically listed by make/model in PC 30510 (Roberti-Roos list), semiautomatic centerfire rifles with detachable magazines and one prohibited feature per PC 30515, and semiautomatic pistols/shotguns with certain features. Prohibited rifle features include pistol grips, thumbhole stocks, folding/telescoping stocks, grenade/flare launchers, flash suppressors, and forward pistol grips.
PC 30510, PC 30515What is the penalty for possessing an assault weapon in California?
Possession of an unregistered assault weapon is a wobbler offense. As a misdemeanor, it carries up to 1 year in jail. As a felony, it carries 16 months, 2 years, or 3 years in state prison. Manufacturing, distributing, transporting, or importing assault weapons is a felony punishable by 4, 6, or 8 years in prison.
PC 30600, PC 30605What is a featureless rifle in California?
A featureless rifle is a semiautomatic centerfire rifle with a detachable magazine that has none of the prohibited features listed in PC 30515. This means replacing the pistol grip with a fin grip or Kydex wrap, removing the flash suppressor (muzzle brake is OK), pinning the stock to a fixed position, and removing any forward pistol grip or thumbhole stock. This configuration is legal with a detachable magazine.
PC 30515What is a fixed-magazine rifle configuration in California?
A fixed-magazine configuration uses a device that requires disassembly of the firearm action to remove the magazine. With a legally fixed magazine, the rifle may retain otherwise prohibited features (pistol grip, adjustable stock, flash suppressor). Popular solutions include the AR MagLock and similar devices. The magazine cannot hold more than 10 rounds.
PC 30515, 11 CCR 5471Can I register an assault weapon in California?
All assault weapon registration periods have closed. The original Roberti-Roos registration ended in 1991. The SB 23 registration period for category 2 assault weapons ended in 2000. The bullet-button assault weapon registration (per SB 880/AB 1135) ended on June 30, 2018. There is no current legal pathway to register a new assault weapon in California.
PC 30900What rules apply to lawfully registered assault weapons?
Registered assault weapons may only be possessed at your home, place of business, a target range, while transporting between these locations, or while moving to a new residence. They must be transported unloaded and in a locked container. They cannot be sold or transferred in California (only surrendered to law enforcement or moved out of state). They must be registered with DOJ and may be subject to inspection.
PC 30945, 11 CCR 5499Are large-capacity magazines legal in California?
Magazines holding more than 10 rounds are prohibited in California. It is illegal to manufacture, import, sell, give, lend, buy, or receive a large-capacity magazine. Possession was also banned under SB 1446/Prop 63. The 9th Circuit in Duncan v. Bonta has been adjudicating the constitutionality of this ban; check current case status for the latest ruling.
PC 32310Are .50 BMG rifles legal in California?
California banned .50 BMG rifles effective January 1, 2005. It is illegal to manufacture, sell, or possess a .50 BMG rifle unless it was lawfully registered with the DOJ by April 30, 2006. The ban specifically targets the .50 Browning Machine Gun cartridge. Rifles chambered in other .50 caliber cartridges (like .50 Beowulf) are not covered by this ban.
PC 30610, PC 30530Are bullet-button rifles still legal in California?
Bullet-button rifles were reclassified as assault weapons by SB 880 and AB 1135, effective January 1, 2017. Owners had until June 30, 2018 to register them with the DOJ as assault weapons. Unregistered bullet-button rifles must be reconfigured to featureless, fixed-magazine, or disassembled. A bullet-button no longer qualifies as a fixed magazine under current law.
PC 30515, PC 30900Can I get a permit to possess assault weapons for research or film?
The DOJ issues Assault Weapon Permits for specific purposes including research, development, testing, manufacturing for export, entertainment props (with Entertainment Firearms Permit), and law enforcement sales. These permits are narrowly issued and require detailed applications. Private individuals cannot obtain these permits for personal use or collection.
PC 30600, PC 31000What features make a semiautomatic pistol an assault weapon?
A semiautomatic pistol is an assault weapon if it has a detachable magazine and any of these features: threaded barrel capable of accepting a flash suppressor or silencer, second handgrip, barrel shroud allowing the non-trigger hand to grip, or the capacity to accept a magazine outside the pistol grip. A semiauto pistol with a fixed magazine over 10 rounds is also an assault weapon.
PC 30515What features make a semiautomatic shotgun an assault weapon?
A semiautomatic shotgun is an assault weapon if it has any of: a folding or telescoping stock, a pistol grip that protrudes conspicuously beneath the action, a thumbhole stock, a fixed magazine over 10 rounds, or the ability to accept a detachable magazine. Most common shotguns (pump-action, single-shot, double-barrel) are not affected.
PC 30515Can I own a stripped AR-15 lower receiver in California?
A stripped lower receiver is classified as a firearm (it contains the serial number) and must be purchased through an FFL with a DROS. However, it is not an assault weapon by itself because it lacks the features and configuration that trigger the assault weapon definition. When building a complete rifle, you must ensure the final configuration is California-compliant.
PC 30515, PC 16520Has California's assault weapons ban been challenged in court?
In Miller v. Bonta, Judge Roger Benitez ruled California's assault weapons ban unconstitutional in 2021 under the Bruen framework. The case was appealed to the 9th Circuit and remains in active litigation as of 2026. The ban remains in effect during appeals. The outcome could significantly change California assault weapon law. Check current case status for updates.
PC 30510-30530Are binary triggers or forced-reset triggers legal in California?
Binary triggers (fire on pull and release) and forced-reset triggers are considered devices that allow a semiautomatic firearm to function like an automatic weapon, which is prohibited. California also bans multiburst trigger activators under PC 32900. The ATF has separately classified forced-reset triggers as machine gun parts. Possession is a felony.
PC 32900, PC 30515Are pistol braces legal in California?
Pistol braces exist in a complex legal space in California. If a braced pistol has a barrel under 16 inches and an overall length under 26 inches, it may be classified as a short-barreled rifle (illegal without a DOJ permit). The ATF's 2023 pistol brace rule (later vacated by courts) added further complexity. The firearm must not meet the assault weapon definition based on its features.
PC 30515, PC 17170Can I deregister an assault weapon if I modify it to be compliant?
The DOJ accepts deregistration requests for assault weapons that have been modified or reconfigured to no longer meet the assault weapon definition under PC 30515. You must submit documentation showing the modifications. Once deregistered, the firearm is no longer subject to assault weapon possession restrictions but must remain in a compliant configuration.
PC 30515, 11 CCR 5499How must I transport a registered assault weapon?
Registered assault weapons must be transported unloaded, in a locked container, and only between authorized locations: your home, place of business, a licensed shooting range, a gunsmith, or while moving residences. Direct transport only; no unnecessary stops. The weapon must remain in the locked container while in the vehicle at all times during transport.
PC 30945Is a background check required to buy ammunition in California?
Since July 1, 2019, all ammunition purchases require an eligibility check conducted by the DOJ through the Ammunition Purchase Authorization Program. The vendor submits the buyer's information electronically. A Standard check ($1 fee) applies if your info matches the Automated Firearms System. A Basic check ($19 fee) applies if you have no firearms registered in the system.
PC 30370How old do I need to be to buy ammunition in California?
You must be 21 to purchase handgun ammunition and 18 to purchase long gun ammunition. If ammunition can be used in both rifles and handguns (such as .22 LR), it may be sold to a person 18-20 if the vendor reasonably believes it is for use in a rifle. All buyers must pass the DOJ eligibility check regardless of age.
PC 30300, PC 30305Can I buy ammunition online in California?
You may purchase ammunition online, but it must be shipped to a licensed California ammunition vendor for the eligibility check. You cannot have ammunition shipped directly to your home. The vendor will conduct the DOJ background check upon pickup. Some online retailers will not ship to California, but the practice is legal when done through a licensed vendor.
PC 30312Can I bring ammunition into California from another state?
It is generally illegal to bring ammunition into California without going through a licensed vendor. The law prohibits importing ammunition purchased outside the state. If you own the ammunition and are moving to California, you may bring personal ammunition. However, you cannot make a trip to Nevada or Arizona specifically to buy cheaper ammunition and bring it back.
PC 30314Do ammunition vendors need a special license in California?
All ammunition vendors in California must obtain a California Ammunition Vendor license from the DOJ. The vendor and all employees handling ammunition must have a Certificate of Eligibility (COE). Vendors must enroll in the DOJ's Dealer Electronic System (DES) to conduct eligibility checks. Vendor licenses must be renewed and are subject to inspection.
PC 30342, PC 30347Is it legal to reload my own ammunition in California?
Reloading (handloading) ammunition for personal use is legal in California. You may purchase reloading components (brass, bullets, primers, powder) and assemble ammunition at home. You cannot sell reloaded ammunition without a license. Armor-piercing, flechette, and explosive ammunition are illegal to manufacture regardless of the method.
PC 30300What types of ammunition are banned in California?
California prohibits armor-piercing handgun ammunition, flechette dart ammunition, explosive bullets, and tracer rounds for handguns. Lead ammunition is banned for hunting. Standard ball, hollow-point, jacketed hollow-point, soft-point, and match-grade ammunition are all legal. Steel-cased and bimetal-jacketed ammunition is legal but some ranges restrict it.
PC 30310, PC 30315, FGC 3004.5Is lead ammunition banned for hunting in California?
Since July 1, 2019, all hunting in California must use non-lead ammunition (AB 711). This applies to all hunting with firearms, including on private land. Copper, brass, and other non-lead alternatives must be used. Target shooting and self-defense ammunition are not affected by the lead hunting ban. Violations can result in fines and loss of hunting privileges.
FGC 3004.5What are the different types of ammunition eligibility checks?
There are two types: Standard ($1) and Basic ($19). The Standard check applies if your information matches a record in the DOJ Automated Firearms System (you have registered firearms). The Basic check applies if you have no firearms registered or your info does not match. COE holders may also be eligible for expedited checks. Most checks are approved within minutes.
PC 30370Does California keep a record of my ammunition purchases?
The DOJ maintains an Ammunition Purchase Records File that records all ammunition purchases. The record includes the buyer's identity, date of purchase, brand, type, and quantity of ammunition purchased. This database is used by law enforcement and is separate from the firearms DROS system.
PC 30352Has California's ammunition background check law been challenged in court?
In Rhode v. Bonta, a federal court found California's ammunition background check regime violates the Second Amendment in April 2025. The case ruled the system imposes unconstitutional burdens on law-abiding citizens. However, the ruling was stayed pending appeal. As of 2026, the background check requirement remains in effect while appellate courts review the decision.
PC 30370Is there a limit on how much ammunition I can purchase at one time?
California does not impose a limit on the quantity of ammunition you may purchase in a single transaction or over any time period. However, every purchase requires the eligibility check through the DOJ system. Large purchases may attract attention from law enforcement but are not illegal for non-prohibited persons.
PC 30370Can I give ammunition to a friend or family member?
Ammunition may be transferred between spouses, registered domestic partners, parents and children, and grandparents and grandchildren without going through a vendor. All other transfers must be conducted through a licensed ammunition vendor with a background check. You cannot hand ammunition to a friend at the range without a vendor transfer unless it is for immediate use under your supervision.
PC 30312Can a convicted felon possess a firearm in California?
Any person convicted of a felony in any jurisdiction is permanently prohibited from owning, possessing, or having custody or control of any firearm in California. This is a lifetime ban that applies to all felony convictions, whether state, federal, or out-of-state. Violation is a felony punishable by up to 3 years in state prison.
PC 29800Can a convicted felon possess ammunition in California?
Persons prohibited from possessing firearms are also prohibited from possessing ammunition. This includes convicted felons, persons convicted of certain misdemeanors, persons under restraining orders, and persons adjudicated as mentally ill. Possession of ammunition by a prohibited person is a felony under PC 30305.
PC 30305Can a felon ever get their gun rights restored in California?
For California felonies that can be reduced to misdemeanors (wobblers), obtaining a reduction under PC 17(b) followed by expungement may restore firearm rights. For straight felonies, a Governor's pardon is typically required. Federal felonies require a presidential pardon. Certain non-violent felonies may qualify for a Certificate of Rehabilitation. The process is complex and case-specific; consult an attorney.
PC 29800, PC 17(b)Does a domestic violence conviction prohibit firearm ownership?
A conviction for misdemeanor domestic violence (PC 273.5 or PC 243(e)(1)) results in a 10-year firearm prohibition under California law. Under federal law (Lautenberg Amendment), a misdemeanor domestic violence conviction results in a lifetime federal firearms prohibition. The federal ban applies even after the California 10-year period expires.
PC 29805, 18 USC 922(g)(9)Does a restraining order prohibit firearm possession?
Persons subject to a domestic violence restraining order, gun violence restraining order (GVRO/red flag), or certain civil harassment restraining orders must surrender all firearms within 24 hours. It is a crime to possess firearms while a qualifying restraining order is in effect. Firearms must be surrendered to law enforcement or an FFL.
PC 29825, FC 6389Does a 5150 psychiatric hold affect gun rights?
A person placed on a 72-hour psychiatric hold (WIC 5150) who is assessed and admitted to a mental health facility is prohibited from possessing firearms for 5 years from the date of admission. A 14-day hold (WIC 5250) also results in a 5-year prohibition. The person may petition the court to restore rights after the prohibition period. Voluntary admission does not trigger the prohibition.
WIC 8103, PC 29800Which misdemeanor convictions prohibit firearm ownership in California?
Several misdemeanors trigger a 10-year firearm prohibition, including assault, battery, stalking, criminal threats, domestic violence offenses, brandishing a firearm, and certain drug offenses. PC 29805 lists over 40 specific misdemeanor offenses that result in a 10-year ban. Some federal misdemeanor convictions also create prohibitions.
PC 29805Does expunging a conviction restore gun rights in California?
Expungement alone does not automatically restore firearms rights in California. For wobbler offenses reduced to misdemeanors under PC 17(b) and then expunged, gun rights are typically restored. For straight felonies, expungement does not restore gun rights; a Governor's pardon is required. Federal prohibitions may also continue independently of state expungement.
PC 29800, PC 1203.4Does a drug conviction affect firearm rights?
Any felony drug conviction results in a lifetime firearms ban under both state and federal law. Certain misdemeanor drug offenses (such as possession of controlled substances) trigger a 10-year state prohibition. Additionally, any person who is an unlawful user of or addicted to a controlled substance is federally prohibited from possessing firearms under 18 USC 922(g)(3).
PC 29800, PC 29805, 18 USC 922(g)(3)What is a Gun Violence Restraining Order (GVRO)?
A GVRO (red flag order) allows law enforcement, family members, employers, coworkers, or educators to petition a court to temporarily prohibit a person from possessing firearms if they pose a danger. Emergency GVROs last 21 days. After a hearing, a GVRO can last 1-5 years. The subject must surrender all firearms and ammunition within 24 hours of service.
PC 18100-18205Can a prohibited person live in a home with firearms?
A prohibited person may live in a household where another person lawfully owns firearms, but the prohibited person must not have access to or control over the firearms. The firearms should be stored in a locked container or safe to which the prohibited person does not have a key or combination. If a prohibited person has access, they may face constructive possession charges.
PC 29800What categories of people are prohibited from owning firearms in California?
Prohibited persons include: convicted felons, persons convicted of certain misdemeanors, those adjudicated mentally ill, those under psychiatric holds (5150/5250), persons subject to restraining orders, persons convicted of domestic violence, illegal drug users, fugitives from justice, those dishonorably discharged from the military, and undocumented immigrants. Each category has specific duration and scope.
PC 29800-29830, 18 USC 922(g)What happens to firearms when someone becomes a prohibited person?
When a person becomes prohibited (due to conviction, restraining order, or mental health hold), they must surrender all firearms to law enforcement or transfer them to a licensed dealer within specified time frames (typically 24 hours to 14 days depending on the prohibition type). Failure to surrender is a separate criminal offense. The DOJ Armed Prohibited Persons System (APPS) tracks compliance.
PC 29810, PC 29830Does a juvenile felony conviction prohibit adult firearm ownership?
A juvenile adjudication for a WIC 707(b) offense (serious or violent felony equivalent) results in a prohibition on firearm possession until age 30. For other juvenile felony-equivalent offenses, the prohibition may not apply once the record is sealed. However, if the juvenile offense would be a felony for an adult and the record is not sealed, it can form the basis for a prohibition.
WIC 8100, PC 29820Can a minor possess a firearm in California?
Generally, it is illegal for a minor (under 18) to possess a handgun. Exceptions exist for target shooting, hunting with parental consent, agricultural purposes, and under parental supervision on private property. Minors may possess long guns (rifles/shotguns) while hunting with a valid license and parental consent. Providing a firearm to a minor without these exceptions is a crime.
PC 29610, PC 29615Can a minor hunt with a firearm in California?
Minors may possess firearms while hunting with a valid hunting license and written parental or guardian consent. Hunters under 16 must be accompanied by a licensed adult 18 or older. The junior hunting license is available to youth under 16. All standard hunting regulations apply, including non-lead ammunition requirements and season restrictions.
PC 29610, FGC 3007Can a minor use a firearm at a target range?
Minors may possess and use firearms at a licensed target range or shooting facility with the written consent of a parent or legal guardian and under the direct supervision of a responsible adult. Many ranges have their own minimum age policies (often 12-14 years). The minor may not transport the firearm to or from the range without adult accompaniment.
PC 29615Can I give a firearm as a gift to a minor?
A parent or grandparent may give a long gun (rifle or shotgun) to a minor for lawful purposes. Handguns may not be given to minors except by a parent/guardian for specific exempted activities (hunting, range use, agricultural). The gifting adult is responsible for ensuring the minor uses the firearm lawfully. An intrafamilial transfer form should be filed with the DOJ.
PC 27505, PC 27870At what age can someone buy a handgun in California?
You must be 21 years old to purchase a handgun in California. There are no exceptions for persons aged 18-20 (unlike some states). This applies to all sources including licensed dealers, private party transfers, and gun shows. Active duty military members under 21 may have limited exemptions for certain firearms but not handguns from dealers.
PC 27505Can minors possess BB guns or airsoft guns in California?
Minors under 18 may not purchase BB guns (air rifles) without parental consent. It is illegal to furnish a BB device to a minor without parental permission. Airsoft guns must have blaze orange tips. Some cities have additional restrictions on minors possessing imitation firearms. BB guns and airsoft guns are not legally classified as firearms under state law.
PC 19910, PC 19915Am I legally responsible if a child accesses my firearm?
Under California's child access prevention law, if a minor gains access to a firearm that was not properly stored and uses it to cause injury or death, or brings it to a public place, the gun owner faces criminal charges. If a minor causes death, the charge is a felony; if injury, it is a wobbler. This applies to any person who keeps a firearm where a minor could reasonably gain access.
PC 25100-25140Can a person under 21 buy ammunition in California?
Persons aged 18-20 may purchase long gun ammunition (rifle and shotgun). Handgun ammunition requires the buyer to be 21 or older. For dual-use calibers (usable in both handguns and rifles, like .22 LR), the vendor may sell to an 18-20 year old if they reasonably believe it is for rifle use. All purchasers must pass the DOJ eligibility check.
PC 30300What is the penalty for a minor bringing a firearm to school?
Bringing a firearm onto school grounds is a felony under PC 626.9 (Gun-Free School Zone Act). For minors, this can result in juvenile detention, probation, and a permanent record that may affect future firearm rights until age 30. The school may also impose expulsion. If the minor discharges the firearm, enhanced penalties apply. Parents may also face criminal negligent storage charges.
PC 626.9, PC 25100Can a minor inherit a firearm in California?
A minor may be named as a beneficiary of firearms in a will, but the minor cannot take physical possession of handguns. A parent, guardian, or trustee must hold the firearm until the minor reaches the legal age (18 for long guns, 21 for handguns). The firearm must be registered with the DOJ, and the custodian must comply with all storage and possession laws.
PC 27920, Probate Code 3900Can a minor handle a firearm on private property with parental supervision?
A minor may possess a firearm on private property with the express permission and direct supervision of their parent or legal guardian. This includes target shooting on private land, familiarization with firearms, and agricultural purposes such as pest control on a family ranch. The parent remains legally responsible for the minor's safe handling.
PC 29610, PC 29615Can a minor transport an unloaded firearm?
A minor may transport an unloaded, cased firearm to and from authorized activities (range, hunting) with parental consent and typically with adult accompaniment. The minor cannot transport a firearm independently for casual purposes. Standard locked container requirements apply. Parents are responsible for ensuring compliance during transport.
PC 29610, PC 25610Is there a firearm safety requirement for minors in California?
While there is no state-mandated firearm safety course specifically for minors, the California hunter education course is required for all first-time hunting license applicants. Many ranges and youth shooting programs require safety training. Parents who provide firearms to minors for hunting or range use are responsible for ensuring the minor has adequate safety knowledge.
FGC 3050What is the penalty if a minor is caught with a firearm illegally?
A minor in possession of a firearm outside authorized exceptions faces juvenile court adjudication. Penalties range from probation to confinement in juvenile hall or a youth authority facility. The court may also impose community service, counseling, and firearm safety education. A WIC 707(b) adjudication for serious offenses can prohibit firearm ownership until age 30.
PC 29610, WIC 707(b)Do I need a license to sell firearms in California?
You must hold both a Federal Firearms License (FFL) from the ATF and a California firearms dealer license from the DOJ to sell firearms in California. Additional local business licenses and permits may be required. Operating without proper licenses is a felony. Occasional private sales of personal firearms do not require a dealer license but must go through an FFL.
PC 26500, PC 26700Can I operate a home-based FFL in California?
While the ATF may issue an FFL for a home address, California requires compliance with local zoning ordinances. Many California cities and counties prohibit home-based firearms dealers through zoning laws. You must verify with your local planning department before applying. Some jurisdictions allow home-based FFLs in areas zoned for commercial use or with a conditional use permit.
PC 26700, PC 26705What record-keeping requirements do California firearms dealers have?
California dealers must maintain an Acquisition and Disposition (A&D) log of all firearms, submit DROS forms electronically for every transaction, retain all records for at least 5 years, and make records available for DOJ and ATF inspection. Dealers must report all new firearm acquisitions to the DOJ within 5 days. Lost or stolen firearms from inventory must be reported within 48 hours.
PC 26900-26915Must dealers report firearms sales to the government?
Every firearm sale or transfer must be reported to the California DOJ through the DROS system. The DOJ processes the background check and maintains a record of the transaction. Federal law also requires dealers to maintain ATF Form 4473 for each transaction. Multiple handgun sales within 5 business days must be reported to the ATF on Form 3310.4.
PC 28100, 18 USC 923(g)What rules apply to firearms dealers at gun shows?
Gun show sales must comply with all California firearms laws. Dealers must conduct DROS background checks and observe the 10-day waiting period; firearms cannot be delivered at the show. Gun show organizers must post signs about California law, and all gun show sales of firearms must go through a licensed dealer. Ammunition sales at gun shows also require vendor licenses and eligibility checks.
PC 27200-27245Do firearms dealer employees need special certification?
All employees of a licensed firearms dealer who handle firearms or ammunition must possess a valid Certificate of Eligibility (COE) issued by the DOJ. The COE confirms the employee is not a prohibited person. COEs must be renewed annually. The employer is responsible for ensuring all employees maintain current COEs.
PC 26915Are there security requirements for firearms dealer premises?
California firearms dealers must maintain approved security measures including: steel bars or security film on windows, a DOJ-approved alarm system, a burglar-resistant safe for storing firearms after hours, and security cameras recording all sales areas. The premises must be inspected by the DOJ before a license is issued. Annual inspections may occur.
PC 26800-26815Can a dealer charge any amount for a private party transfer?
Dealers may charge a fee for facilitating private party transfers. The statutory DROS fee is $37.19, which goes to the DOJ. On top of that, dealers may charge a reasonable service fee for processing the transfer, which varies but typically ranges from $25-$75. There is no state cap on the dealer's service fee, but competition generally keeps fees reasonable.
PC 27545, PC 28055Can a dealer sell firearms online in California?
Licensed dealers may advertise and sell firearms online. However, the firearm must still be transferred in person at the dealer's licensed premises with a DROS, background check, 10-day waiting period, and all other California requirements. For interstate online sales, the firearm must be shipped to a California FFL for transfer. All California compliance requirements apply to the final transfer.
PC 26500, PC 27585Does a firearms dealer automatically qualify as an ammunition vendor?
An FFL holder still needs to obtain a separate California Ammunition Vendor license to sell ammunition. However, licensed firearms dealers are generally eligible for the ammunition vendor license. The vendor must enroll in the DOJ's Dealer Electronic System (DES) and all employees handling ammunition must have a valid COE.
PC 30342Can a dealer sell firearms on consignment?
Licensed dealers may accept firearms on consignment and sell them on behalf of the owner. The dealer must log the firearm into their A&D book, and the eventual sale must go through the full DROS process. The consignor and dealer should have a written agreement regarding terms, pricing, and fees. All California transfer laws apply to the eventual buyer.
PC 26500, PC 26900Can the DOJ or ATF inspect a firearms dealer without notice?
Both the California DOJ and ATF have authority to conduct compliance inspections of licensed dealers. The ATF may conduct one unannounced inspection per year under federal law. The DOJ may inspect California dealers at reasonable times. Dealers must make all records, inventory, and premises available during inspections. Refusal can result in license revocation.
PC 26900, 18 USC 923(g)What is a straw purchase and what are the penalties?
A straw purchase occurs when a person buys a firearm on behalf of someone else, typically a prohibited person. This is illegal under both state and federal law. In California, the penalty includes up to 4 years in prison. Dealers are trained to identify and refuse suspected straw purchases. Both the actual buyer and the straw purchaser face criminal liability.
PC 27500, 18 USC 922(a)(6)What is the penalty for selling a firearm to someone underage?
Selling or transferring a handgun to a person under 21 or a semiautomatic centerfire rifle to a person under 21 is a crime. Selling any firearm to a person under 18 is a felony. Penalties vary: misdemeanor for less serious violations (up to 1 year jail) and felony for more serious violations (up to 3 years prison). Dealers face license revocation in addition to criminal penalties.
PC 27505, PC 27510Can a dealer refuse to return a firearm to its owner after a failed background check?
If a buyer fails the DROS background check, the dealer must not deliver the firearm. If the firearm was a private party transfer, the dealer returns it to the original owner. If the denial is for a purchase, the buyer may appeal the denial through the DOJ. The dealer is legally prohibited from delivering the firearm to a person who has been denied.
PC 28220Can a dealer sell a handgun that is not on the California roster?
Licensed dealers may only sell new handguns that appear on the DOJ's Roster of Certified Handguns. The roster requires handguns to meet drop safety, firing pin safety, and microstamping requirements. Selling an off-roster handgun is a crime and grounds for license revocation. Exceptions exist for law enforcement, private party transfers, and certain other exempted transactions.
PC 32000, PC 32015Can I keep a firearm in my glove compartment?
The glove compartment and utility compartment of a vehicle do not qualify as locked containers under California law, even if they have a lock. Without a CCW permit, a firearm must be stored in a separate locked container or the trunk. CCW holders may carry loaded and concealed in the vehicle, including in a glove compartment.
PC 25610, PC 16850Can my landlord prohibit me from having firearms in my apartment?
California law does not allow landlords to prohibit tenants from lawfully possessing firearms in their rental units. However, landlords may include lease terms restricting firearm discharge on the property. If you live in public/subsidized housing, federal rules may apply differently. You must still comply with all safe storage laws including SB 53.
CC 1940.2, SB 53Is a trigger lock sufficient for safe storage under SB 53?
A DOJ-approved trigger lock qualifies as a firearm safety device under the safe storage law. The trigger lock must appear on the DOJ's roster of tested and approved firearm safety devices. Cable locks provided free with firearm purchases are also on the approved list. Any device that prevents the firearm from being fired and is DOJ-approved meets the requirement.
PC 23635, SB 53Can multiple people share a gun safe for storage compliance?
Multiple authorized users may share a gun safe or locked container for SB 53 compliance, provided all users are lawful firearm owners and not prohibited persons. Each person with access must be legally permitted to possess the firearms stored within. A prohibited person must not have a key, combination, or any means of access to the safe.
SB 53, PC 25100Can I store a loaded firearm in a locked safe?
California law does not prohibit storing a loaded firearm in a locked safe or approved firearm safety device within your home. The SB 53 requirement is that the firearm be in a locked container when not under your immediate control. Whether the firearm is loaded or unloaded inside the locked safe is at the owner's discretion.
SB 53Are there any exemptions to the 10-day waiting period?
California does not provide exemptions to the 10-day waiting period for any civilian purchaser. Unlike some states that waive waiting periods for existing gun owners or CCW holders, California applies the full 10-day wait to every transaction regardless of the buyer's background. This includes private party transfers, gun show purchases, and dealer sales.
PC 26815, PC 27540What can I do if my firearm purchase is denied?
If the DOJ denies your DROS, you will receive a denial notification with the reason. You may request a review through the DOJ Bureau of Firearms. If the denial was in error (mistaken identity, outdated records), it can be overturned. You may also petition the court for relief. The dealer cannot release the firearm until the denial is resolved.
PC 28220, PC 28230Can I transport California-legal firearms to another state?
You may transport your firearms out of California, but you must comply with the laws of every state you enter. Federal law (FOPA) protects interstate transport if the firearm is legal at your origin and destination, unloaded, and not readily accessible. Some states have magazine capacity limits, assault weapon bans, or permit requirements that differ from California.
18 USC 926AWhat exactly qualifies as a locked container for transport?
A locked container is a fully enclosed container that is locked by a padlock, key lock, combination lock, or similar locking device. It can be hard-sided or soft-sided as long as it is fully enclosed and locked. The California DOJ considers the trunk of a car a locked container. A glove compartment, center console, or utility compartment does NOT qualify even if lockable.
PC 16850Can I transport a firearm to a gunsmith for repair?
You may transport an unloaded firearm in a locked container to and from a licensed gunsmith for repair or modification. The transport must be reasonably direct. The gunsmith must be a California-licensed firearms dealer or hold an appropriate FFL. California-compliant modifications must be maintained. The gunsmith must log the firearm in their A&D book.
PC 25610, PC 26500Are rimfire rifles exempt from the assault weapons ban?
The assault weapon feature restrictions under PC 30515 apply to semiautomatic centerfire rifles. Rimfire rifles (such as .22 LR) are not subject to the assault weapon features test regardless of their configuration. A semiautomatic .22 LR rifle may have a pistol grip, detachable magazine, folding stock, and other features without being classified as an assault weapon.
PC 30515Are suppressors (silencers) legal in California?
Suppressors are illegal to possess, manufacture, sell, or transfer in California, even with a federal NFA tax stamp. California does not recognize federal suppressor registration. Possession of a suppressor is a felony punishable by up to 3 years in prison. There are no civilian exemptions. This applies to all suppressors regardless of caliber or type.
PC 33410Can ammunition be shipped directly to my home in California?
Ammunition purchased online or from out-of-state must be shipped to a licensed California ammunition vendor. The vendor will conduct the DOJ eligibility check before releasing the ammunition to you. Direct shipment of ammunition to a private residence is illegal. Reloading components (brass, bullets, primers, powder) may still be shipped directly to your home.
PC 30312, PC 30314Can a prohibited person possess an antique firearm?
Under federal law, antique firearms (manufactured before 1899 or replicas not using fixed ammunition) are exempt from prohibited persons restrictions. However, California state law does not provide a clear antique firearm exemption for prohibited persons. A felon in possession of any device capable of being used as a weapon may still face charges. Consult an attorney before possessing any firearm.
PC 29800, 18 USC 921(a)(3)What is the penalty for giving a firearm to a minor illegally?
Furnishing a handgun to a minor is a felony punishable by 3, 5, or 7 years in prison under PC 27510. Furnishing a long gun to a minor outside authorized exceptions is a misdemeanor. If the minor uses the firearm to cause death or great bodily injury, enhanced penalties apply. Parents may face charges for criminal storage if a minor accesses an improperly stored firearm.
PC 27505, PC 27510Can I carry a concealed knife in California?
Folding knives may be carried concealed without a permit. However, dirks and daggers (fixed-blade knives capable of inflicting great bodily injury) must be carried openly in a sheath. Switchblades with blades over 2 inches are illegal to carry. Ballistic knives are completely prohibited. Local ordinances may impose additional restrictions on knife carry.
PC 21310, PC 17235What is the microstamping requirement for handguns?
Since 2013, new handgun models submitted for the California roster must include microstamping technology that engraves a unique identifier on each fired cartridge case. Because no manufacturer has implemented this technology, no new handgun models have been added to the roster since the requirement took effect. The roster has been steadily shrinking as existing models are delisted.
PC 31910Must all firearm frames and receivers have serial numbers?
All firearm frames and receivers in California must bear a valid serial number. If you manufacture or assemble a firearm from an unserialized frame or receiver, you must first apply to the DOJ for a unique serial number under PC 29180. The ATF also requires serialization of all frames and receivers. Possession of an unserialized frame or receiver is illegal.
PC 29180, PC 23910Can I carry pepper spray for self-defense in California?
Pepper spray (OC spray) is legal for self-defense in California for persons 16 and older. The container must not exceed 2.5 ounces. No permit is required. Tear gas (CS gas) weapons are also legal with the same size restriction. It is illegal for convicted felons, persons convicted of assault, drug addicts, or minors under 16 to possess pepper spray.
PC 22810Can I buy an AR-15 style rifle in California?
AR-15 style rifles are legal in California if configured to comply with the assault weapons law. This means either a featureless build (no pistol grip, no adjustable stock, no flash suppressor, with a detachable magazine) or a fixed-magazine build (requires action disassembly to remove magazine, may have features). Many manufacturers sell California-compliant versions.
PC 30515Do I need a background check to buy reloading components?
Reloading components (brass cases, projectiles/bullets, primers, powder) are not considered ammunition under California law and do not require a background check. They can be purchased online and shipped directly to your home. Only assembled, ready-to-fire ammunition triggers the DOJ eligibility check requirement. However, age restrictions on purchasing powder and primers may apply.
PC 30300, PC 30370Does California have a 'stand your ground' law?
California does not have a statutory stand your ground law. However, California jury instructions (CALCRIM 505, 506) state there is no duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense if you reasonably believe you are in imminent danger of being killed or suffering great bodily injury. The Castle Doctrine applies within your home. Self-defense claims are evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
CALCRIM 505, PC 198.5Does California have a Castle Doctrine?
California's Castle Doctrine (PC 198.5) creates a presumption that a person who uses deadly force against an intruder who forcibly and unlawfully enters their home acted with a reasonable fear of imminent death or great bodily injury. This presumption does not apply outside the home. The homeowner must reasonably believe the intruder intended to commit a crime beyond mere trespass.
PC 198.5Does California maintain a firearms registry?
California maintains the Automated Firearms System (AFS), a database of registered firearms. All dealer sales, private party transfers, and new resident reports are recorded. Firearms purchased before 2014 that were never transferred through a dealer may not be in the system. The DOJ uses this registry for the Armed Prohibited Persons System (APPS) and ammunition eligibility checks.
PC 11106Can I voluntarily register a firearm that is not in the DOJ system?
You may voluntarily register firearms with the DOJ by submitting a Voluntary Firearm Registration form. This can help establish ownership and may make ammunition purchases easier (qualifying for the $1 Standard check instead of the $19 Basic check). The registration is free and can be done through the DOJ's online portal or by mail.
PC 11106Are magazine repair kits legal in California?
Parts kits that can be assembled into a large-capacity magazine (over 10 rounds) are treated the same as completed magazines and are illegal to import or possess. Replacing worn springs or followers in a 10-round or smaller magazine is legal. The key distinction is whether the parts, when assembled, would create a magazine exceeding 10 rounds.
PC 32310, PC 16740Can I possess NFA items (SBR, SBS, machine guns) in California?
California generally prohibits possession of short-barreled rifles (under 16-inch barrel), short-barreled shotguns (under 18-inch barrel), and machine guns, even if they are registered under the federal National Firearms Act (NFA). A Dangerous Weapons Permit from the DOJ is required for limited exceptions (law enforcement, entertainment, research). Suppressors are also prohibited.
PC 33215, PC 33410, PC 32625What is the penalty for brandishing a firearm in California?
Brandishing a firearm (drawing or exhibiting it in a rude, angry, or threatening manner) is a misdemeanor punishable by 3 months to 1 year in jail. If brandishing occurs in a motor vehicle on a public road, it carries a minimum of 3 months in jail. Brandishing at a day care center is a felony. Brandishing also triggers a 10-year firearms prohibition.
PC 417What is the penalty for negligent discharge of a firearm?
Willfully discharging a firearm in a grossly negligent manner that could result in injury or death is a wobbler. As a misdemeanor: up to 1 year in jail. As a felony: 16 months to 3 years in prison. Discharging a firearm at an inhabited dwelling or vehicle is always a felony carrying 3, 5, or 7 years. Discharging from a vehicle at a person is punishable by 5, 7, or 9 years.
PC 246.3, PC 246Can I buy a firearm as a gift for my spouse?
You may purchase a firearm and transfer it to your spouse through an intrafamilial transfer without using a dealer. Both parties file the appropriate form with the DOJ within 30 days. Your spouse must not be a prohibited person and must have a valid FSC. However, you cannot be a straw purchaser: the initial purchase must be with your own funds and for yourself. The subsequent gift is a separate transfer.
PC 27870, PC 27500What can cause a firearms dealer license to be revoked?
A dealer license may be revoked for violations including: selling off-roster handguns, failing to maintain proper records, selling to prohibited persons, failing to conduct background checks, allowing straw purchases, failure to report lost or stolen firearms, operating outside licensed premises, violations discovered during DOJ or ATF inspections, or any felony conviction by the licensee.
PC 26705, PC 26900Can a convicted felon possess body armor in California?
It is a felony for any person who has been convicted of a violent felony to purchase, own, or possess body armor. The prohibition applies to hard and soft body armor, including bulletproof vests. A person convicted of a violent felony who needs body armor for their occupation may petition the court for an exemption. The ban does not apply to misdemeanor convictions.
PC 31360What is the maximum magazine capacity allowed in California?
Magazines are limited to 10 rounds in California. It is illegal to manufacture, import, sell, or lend magazines holding more than 10 rounds. Possession was also banned by Proposition 63 (2016) and SB 1446. The constitutionality of the possession ban has been challenged in Duncan v. Bonta, which remains in litigation. During brief legal windows, some magazines were legally acquired; check current court status.
PC 32310